Can India produce billion-dollar innovations?
--> Posted on 2009-08-06 11:09:36 By Har AmolIndia has made rapid strides in the world of research and development in the last few years, but is its innovations world-beaters? In an era that has been dominated by American innovations, can Indian scientists and technologists make a lasting impression? What will it take to institutionalize innovation in India?
Pick up that cell phone near you, and think about that phone and how this itsy-bitsy device has changed life. The truth of the matter is that everywhere -- from Prague to Quito -- people have had their lives changed and their social interactions transformed; thanks to this innovation.
It is not just the cell phone alone. The photo-copying machine used at work, that MRI equipment a patient had to be scanned under, the computer making work easy, the Internet used to keep in touch with friends, and on and on and on. . .
All these discoveries and inventions have fundamentally changed lives of many at home and at work; they have also helped generate immeasurable wealth for companies, individuals and nations that have managed to leverage them appropriately.
So, the question arises: when will Indian scientists and technologists working in current day India, start producing such innovations that become large sources of wealth generation for India, India Inc and Indians?
A couple of months ago, Forbes magazine had dedicated much of a special edition to listing out 85 years of mostly American innovation and from an economic as well as social impact standpoint -- the list is overwhelming.
And as an Indian, one keeps on wondering -- why not in India? Why not, indeed!
"R&D (research and development) outsourcing market for information technology in India is estimated to grow to $9.1 billion by 2010 from $1.3 billion in 2003, according to research agency Frost & Sullivan. The R&D outsourcing market for IT in India is estimated to grow from the present size of 1.3 billion dollars in 2003 to $9.1 billion in 2010 at a compounded annual growth rate of 32.05 per cent, Frost & Sullivan, which undertook the study for the department of IT, said in its report. The R&D outsourcing market for telecom in India is slated to grow from $0.7 billion in 2003 to $4.1 billion in 2010 at a CAGR of 28.73 per cent, it said."- rediff.com
It is not that India has done nothing for the past many years. The technology of Compact Media Center innovated by Prof. Kirti Trivedi, of IIT-Bombay puts a comprehensive home entertainment system into a little box at a fraction of any competitive manufacturer's cost. And that 25-ft screen. Another, Mr Somender Singh of Mysore designed new combustion chamber which dramatically improves fuel efficiency and acceleration of your car or bike. Prof Ajay Sood and team, IISc, Bangalore has innovated nanotubes which Helps create astonishingly sensitive devices with applications ranging from stealth to fighting disease.
Entrepreneurial Spirit lead Mr Lijjat Papad, to start a company with seven housewives on a rooftop, now has 40,000 working women and a turnover of Rs 300 crore (Rs 3 billion). N R Narayana Murthy put together Rs 10,000 and started Infosys in his small 700 square feet apartment. Its market capitalization, at one point of time, was more than Rs 60,000 crore (Rs 600 billion). Infosys has become a pride of the nation today." -- data from Arun Shourie's speech.
ISRO -- the Indian Space Research Organisation -- is the result of Dr Vikram Sarabhai's vision. Its first rocket, like the one in the picture, was launched 40 years ago. Over the past 40 years, a multi-disciplinary group of electronics, mechanical, electrical, civil and chemical engineers has designed and built 32 satellites and three generations of launch vehicles culminating in the GSLV.
This was done with almost totally indigenous R&D, battling US sanctions. Each time that a technology or component was unavailable, ISRO went ahead and developed it on its own. ISRO's satellites help India in telecom, television broadcasting, weather forecasting, disaster warning, telemedicine, education and fishery. Technologies in areas as diverse as optics and artificial limb manufacture have been developed and transferred to Indian industry.
Jamsetji Tata wanted to make textiles in Nagpur in the 1800s with the cotton grown there. Nagpur had no textile industry then, and in Manchester Jamsetji was told that Nagpur's weather was not suitable as it was too dry. He said, 'Alright, I will bring the Manchester weather to Nagpur.' He imported humidifiers and started India's first textile mill in 1874. He also exported steel to the British even with the harsh restrictions, the British government had imposed during the pre independence times.
To paraphrase Nilekani, Vikram Sarabhai and Jamsetji Tata got an idea, put together a team, raised the capital, created a product, and mainstreamed it. They did it sitting in India, 40 years and 125 years ago respectively, when India's technical capabilities were far less than they are now
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